Gloucester Through Art and Time
My Paintings Set into the History of Gloucester between 1880 and 1909
Looking down from Portuguese Hill on Five Pound Island
1880 Sawyer School
From the Gloucester Daily Times
When school was on Friend Street
This weeks old photo shows the Sawyer School on Friend Street in 1880. The school was located on what is now the Friend Street Playground. The photo was submitted by Bob Roland, the athletic director at Gloucester High School. His family grew up on Friend Street.
Roland points out that the stone pillars to the fence in front of the school still exist as part of the wall in front of the playground.
The elm trees are just saplings in the photo. According to Roland they eventually grew into giant elms that surround the playground. They succumbed to dutch elm disease and hurricanes in the 1960s.
Note that the road is unpaved and that the children play along the street. The school was closed in the mid-1900s.
The school, looking up from the North Channel.
“St.Ann’s rectory built on Prospect St.” ….This was built on the site where in 1692 “Sixty men came from Ipswich to “Old Garrison House” to protect Town from ghostly visitations”. Peg Wesson was accounted a witch, and lived there in 1745. The building was moved not far away to Smith St.. (18)
Taken from in front of the Surfside looking at “the fort” section
N E’ly end of Smith Cove, today Beacon Marine Basin
is to the right of the photograph
Looking towards the west End from intersection of Main and Hancock.
The West end looking toward Washington St.
Looking down Union Hill (Front St.)
Children Playing under a Gloucester Wharf
by Winslow Homer
Boys Fishing in Gloucester harbor
by Winslow Homer
1881
The Winter of 1880-81 will be memorable in local fishing annals as witnessing the first successful attempt at net-fishing for cod in our waters, a method that promises to make as marked a change in the shore fishery as was wrought by the introduction of trawl fishing a few years previously. This method of fishing has long been followed by the Newfoundland fishermen, and it is said that the Norwegians take half the number and two-thirds the weight of their immense catch of codfish in this manner.
Impressed with the importance of the saving made in the cost of bait, and of time consumed in procuring bait, Prof. Baird decided in the Summer of 1878, when the Summer quarters of the Fish Commission were located in Gloucester, to experiment as to the practicability of introducing the Norwegian methods in our waters. Accordingly, he procured a set of Norwegian gill nets, which attracted considerable attention at the laboratory of the Commission at Fort Wharf, from their novel construction and curious glass floats. When the Winter school of codfish set in, in the Fall of 1878, experiments were made with these nets on the “Old Man’s Pasture,” but it was found that the nets were too frail for the large cod which frequent our coast in Winter, and for the strong current and rocky bottom along our shores. The result of the experiment, however, was such as to indicate that netfishing might be made practicable, with properly constructed nets, and Prof. Baird continued his investigation of the method, and on the occasion of the International Fisheries Exhibit at Berlin in the Spring of 1880 delegated Capt. Joseph W. Collins of Gloucester to make a careful study of the European methods of deep sea fishing, the result of which has been published by the Government for the information of the American fishermen. (15)
1882
1883
In January 1883 he signed on the fishing schooner Grace L. Fears to fish for halibut and cod. This schooner was the most successful in its time. After the schooner was anchored down on the Burgeo Bank the dories were set out. Blackburn had as partner Tom Welch. As a storm approached they rowed out to retrieve their gear. They were caught in a fierce storm with high winds and snow. They lost their way, and could not get back to the schooner. Eventually they tried to row back. Tom Welch gave up and died. Blackburn formed his hands around the oars as they froze so he could still row. He arrived in a little river coming out of Newfoundland. He was rescued by people in a tiny village who nursed him to relative health, but could not save his fingers, which, being totally frozen were lost except for a nub of a thumb on each hand. His toes did not fare well either. He was eventually taken to civilization and eventually back to Glouchester.
from J.Garland’s “Great Republic”
1902
1884
1885
1903
1886
Stream enclosed from Harbor Swamp ( Burnham’s Field) to Pavilion Beach. (18)
St. Ann’s Catholic School built. (18)
St. Ann’s Catholic Church dedicated. (18)
1887
1988
1889
1890
EASTERN POINT LIGHTHOUSE
1891
1892
Itinerant Italian musicians stroll down Stoddart Lane playing the ciaramella (left) and zampogna (right), circa 1892.
REARING MARINE FISH FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSESJAMES E. SHELBOURNE Fisheries Laboratory, Lowestoft, England
THE MARINE FISH HATCHERY MOVEMENT
The idea that artificial propagation could influence the yield from inshore waters originated in the New World, and was the consequence of achievements in fresh-water fish rearing. Remarkable progress in culturing and transplanting the shad (Alosa sapidis- sima), undoubtedly influenced the first U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries (Spencer F. Baird) in his decision to try artificial propagation as a possible means of counteracting depletion in the food-fisheries of the Atlantic seaboard.
Earl1 (1880) reported the successful hatching of cod, haddock, herring and pollock eggs during preliminary experiments a t Gloucester, Massachusetts, in 1878. It was not until 1885 that the U.S. Fish Commission built its first commercial fish hatchery at Woods Hole. Facilities for cod propagation were extended at Gloucester Station in 1888, followed by the construction of a third east coast hatchery at Boothbay Harbor, Maine in 1905.
By 1917, the total output of newly-hatched fry from the three American hatcheries had risen to over 3 billion per annum.
…..the American effort continued at a high level of production until 1943, when Woods Hole was taken over by the Navy Department. The Boothbay Harbor hatchery closed down in 1950, followed by Gloucester Station in 1952. The demise of American sea-fish culture was accompanied by the following terse official statement . . . “Hatchery production of marine commercial fish species was terminated in 1952 since research had failed to disclose that worthwhile benefits were obtained from such stocking.” (Duncan and Meehean, 1954).
…The Americans preferred to rely on salvaged spawn, particularly at Gloucester and Boothbay Harbor. ‘Spawtakers’, operating from New England fishing vessels, selected ripe fish from the catch, and carried out artificial fertilizations using a standard technique. Fertile eggs were transported to the nearest hatchery by first train after the ship docked.
As early as 1883, only five years after the first experimental release of cod-fry, the US. Fish Commission reported the appearance of gray cod of a size not previously seen in coastal waters around Gloucester Station. They were generally accepted as the fruits of hatchery effort and became known locally as “Fish Commission cod.” In 1898, Herdman (1889), director of the Manx hatchery, received a letter from the U.S. Fish Commissioner. which read. . . . “For about ten pears the cod work has been attended with marked success, and in Massachusetts, has resulted, not only in establishing the inshore cod fishery on grounds long exhausted, but through favorable distribution of the fry, in extending the fishery to waters not originally frequented by the cod.” As late as 1929, statements were being made to the effect that the winter flounder became more abundant after planting newly-hatched fry.
1893
1894
Watercolor by Winslow homer
1895
Spray in New Zealand
1896
1897
1898
Five Pound Island in snow
“From the public landing in the small cove by the street Captain Wonson first rowed his passengers across to Duncan’s point in 1849. Then there were various small steam ferries, and the Douglasses’ sailboat when the weather favored. Finally a narrow trestle walk was built 375 feet from the street into the dock between the wharves for access to the famous little steamer “Little Giant”. On demand the ferry touched at Tarr”s Wharf off the end of Rocky Neck. The fare remained four cents for years.” (14)
Beacon Marine
1899
1900
1901
1904
Dog Bar Breakwater was constructed between 1894 and 1904 by the Army Corps of Engineers to provide sheltered waters in the outer harbor. The breakwater protects outer harbor waters from southerly storms. The breakwater is 2,250 feet, running west from Eastern Point towards the western shore. (16)
1905
Entrance to the Annisquam River under the Blyman Bridge from the outer harbor.
1906
from the Northshore magazine:
…”In 1906, Slade Gorton & Co., John Pew & Son, David B. Smith & Co., and Reed & Gamage combined to form the Gorton-Pew Fisheries Co. Gloucester was already established as the largest fish producing port in the country and the second largest in the world. The combined company now had a fleet of 39 vessels, the largest fleet of fishing vessels operated by any company on the Atlantic Coast.”
1907
1908
Canvas #119 Western Ave. Before it became Stacey Boulevard
This is still called “Pavillion Beach”
1909
p.148
“….There were thirty-six such “Gloucester Sloop Boats” in the fleet in 1909,
besides 196 schooners.” (6)
ASHTABULA, June 23
– The new fish tug which Laird & Sons were building
for Capt. John Dahlmer of Dunkirk was launched this afternoon. She is named
for the owners daughter, Margaret Dahlmer who was sponsor at the launching.
The tug is 70 feet overall, has 15 foot beam and draws seven and one-half feet.
She will carry the engines of the old tug Knapp and is to be put into immediate service in this harbor.
From Beeson’s Marine Directory of the Great Lakes for 1909:
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Fishtug John Smith 50’x11″ Blt.1876 Axel B. Dahlmer, Dunkirk, NY
Fishtug Geo.E.Fischer 64’x16′ Blt.1883 Axel B. Dahlmer, Dunkirk, NY
Fishtug Rough Rider 39’x10′ Blt.1904 Manitowoc, Wi A.B.Dahlmer, Dunkirk, NY
Fishtug L.W.Knapp 57’x13′ Blt.1895 John A. Dahlmer, Dunkirk, NY